The Journal of Phytopharmacology 2025; 14(5):374-382 ; DOI:10.31254/phyto.2025.14512
Advances in diagnosis and management of animal toxicity due to toxic plants in India
Manas Das1 , J B Rajesh2 , Payel Kar2 , Shruti Shaurya1 , Jashima Debbarma2 , C Christen2 , Kh. Thanila Rose2 , Sherry Carelyne Marwein2 , Ankita Debnath2 , Elone Lucy2 , Binipi Debbarma3 , Mautusi Chakraborty3 , Yashaswi Athreya4
1. Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly- 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl- 796015, Mizoram, India
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl- 796015, Mizoram, India
4. Department of Animal Nutrition, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl- 796015, Mizoram, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 7th September, 2025 / Accepted: 14th October, 2025 / Published : 30th November, 2025
Plant poisoning is emerging as a serious threat to animals as well as humans in all around the world. In India, this issue is particularly prevalent, characterized by a high incidence of poisoning cases, notably in rural regions where livestock are more frequently subjected to toxic flora. This phenomenon is frequently attributed to conventional practices that involve the utilization of phytochemical agents, in conjunction with the presence of potentially harmful plants in grazing territories. Such plants typically harbour toxic constituents including alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, and nitrates. The impact of these toxins may vary according to the specific plant species and the amount ingested, affecting multiple organ systems and resulting in gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, or neurological impairments. In extreme instances, plant poisoning may pose a life-threatening risk if not identified and addressed in a timely manner. The probability of poisoning is further exacerbated during times of fodder deficiency, when both the quality and quantity of green forage diminish, compelling animals to ingest unpalatable or deleterious plants. Delayed recognition or late initiation of treatment often results in poor prognosis and high mortality rates. However, with the increasing incidence of plant poisoning, significant advances have been made in diagnostic and management strategies. This review covers toxic plants' risks to animal health, detailing their toxic compounds, mechanisms, clinical signs, and pathological findings, as well as recent advances in diagnosis and management strategies.
Toxic plants, Animal poisoning, Advancement, Diagnosis, Management
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Das M, Rajesh JB, Kar P, Shaurya S, Debbarma J, Christen C, et al. Advances in diagnosis and management of animal toxicity due to toxic plants in India. J Phytopharmacol 2025; 14(5):374-382. doi: 10.31254/phyto.2025.14512
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